嗜碱性粒细胞通路及炎症比值在CRSwNP中的研究进展

Research Progress on Basophil Pathways and Inflammatory Ratios in Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps

摘要:

慢性鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉(CRSwNP)以2型炎症持续活化为核心病理特征,术后复发率高,临床亟需便捷、无创的炎症评估手段。嗜碱性粒细胞经由IgE依赖性与非依赖性双重通路,在CRSwNP发生发展中发挥关键作用。近年研究发现,基于嗜碱性粒细胞的外周血复合炎症比值与CRSwNP炎症亚型、疾病严重度及术后复发风险相关,展现出作为无创生物标志物的潜力。本文在梳理嗜碱性粒细胞-IgE轴分子机制的基础上,系统综述上述比值的临床研究证据,旨在为CRSwNP术后复发预测及个体化诊疗提供参考依据。

Abstract:

Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is characterized by persistent type 2 inflammation as its core pathological feature, with a high postoperative recurrence rate, highlighting an urgent clinical need for convenient and non?invasive inflammatory assessment tools. Basophils play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis and progression of CRSwNP through both IgE?dependent and IgE?independent pathways. Recent studies have demonstrated that peripheral blood composite inflammatory ratios based on basophils are associated with inflammatory endotypes, disease severity, and postoperative recurrence risk in CRSwNP, showing promise as non?invasive biomarkers. This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms of the basophil?IgE axis and systematically evaluates the clinical evidence for these ratios, aiming to provide a reference for postoperative recurrence prediction and personalized management of CRSwNP.