基于百度指数的南北方城市变应性鼻炎变应原分析

Analysis of Allergens of Allergic Rhinitis in Northern and Southern Chinese Cities Based on Baidu Index

摘要:

目的 探讨基于百度指数的变应性鼻炎（allergic rhinitis, AR）网络关注度在我国南北及中部典型城市的时空特征及其与真实世界数据的关联。方法 收集2024-2025年北京、呼和浩特、广州及荆州四城市“过敏性鼻炎”（AR未被百度指数收录）及相关变应原的百度指数搜索数据，结合气温、PM2.5，及仅北京、呼和浩特部分月份可获得的花粉浓度等级等环境指标，采用Spearman相关分析和线性回归模型，探索搜索量与变应原、环境因素及门诊量的关联及就诊预测价值。结果 四座城市AR搜索行为呈现显著地域差异：北京呈春秋花粉双峰模式，广州表现为常年平稳分布，荆州则呈现弱双峰。北京和呼和浩特花粉浓度等级与搜索量呈正相关，气温与“冷空气过敏”搜索量在北京、广州、荆州呈负相关。PM2.5与“过敏性鼻炎”搜索量仅在呼和浩特呈负相关。荆州AR搜索量与当月门诊量同步，而与滞后月份无关。结论 百度指数能有效反映AR关注的地域差异，但对致敏原复杂或主导致敏原隐蔽地区的敏感度不足。荆州总搜索量与门诊量的同步性提示网络数据可作为辅助监测指标，但需结合本地变应原谱进行校正。

Abstract:

Objective To explore the spatial and temporal characteristics of allergic rhinitis ( AR ) network attention based on Baidu index in typical cities of north, south and central China and its correlation with real-world data. Methods The Baidu index search data of “allergic rhinitis” ( AR was not included in the Baidu index ) and related allergens in Beijing, Hohhot, Guangzhou and Jingzhou from 2024 to 2025 were collected, combined with environmental indicators such as temperature, PM2.5, and pollen concentration levels available only in some months in Beijing and Hohhot. Spearman correlation analysis and linear regression model were used to explore the correlation between search volume and allergens, environmental factors and outpatient volume and the predictive value of treatment.. Results The AR search behavior of the four cities showed significant regional differences : Beijing showed a bimodal pattern of spring and autumn pollen, Guangzhou showed a steady distribution throughout the year, and Jingzhou showed a weak bimodal pattern. The pollen concentration grade of Beijing and Hohhot was positively correlated with the search volume, and the temperature was negatively correlated with the search volume of “cold air allergy” in Beijing, Guangzhou and Jingzhou. The number of AR searches in Jingzhou was synchronized with the number of outpatient visits in the month, but not with the lag month. Conclusions Baidu index can effectively reflect the regional differences of AR attention, but it is not sensitive to the complex allergens or the hidden areas of allergens. The synchronization between the total search volume and the outpatient volume in Jingzhou suggests that the network data can be used as an auxiliary monitoring index, but it needs to be corrected in combination with the local allergen spectrum.