特殊人群鼻窦炎并发症的个性化诊疗策略

Individualized Diagnosis and Treatment Strategies for Sinusitis Complications in Special Populations

摘要:

鼻窦炎作为耳鼻喉科的常见疾病,在普通人群中多表现为自限性疾病或经规范治疗后预后良好,其并发症虽并不常见,一旦发生可能导致严重的后遗症甚至出现危及生命的情况。对于儿童、老年人、妊娠期女性、糖尿病者、恶性肿瘤患者、免疫缺陷患者等特殊人群,由于其生理及病理特点、代谢状态或免疫水平的特殊性,鼻窦炎的临床表现、疾病进程以及并发症的发生风险与普通人群存在显著差异,因此其诊疗策略必须超越常规,需要采取高度个体化的方案,本文聚焦上述特殊人群,系统梳理了特殊人群鼻窦炎并发症的病理生理特点、诊断难点及治疗策略,重点分析了个体化治疗方案的最新进展及预防措施的有效性,通过整合多学科研究成果,旨在为临床医师提供科学、精准的诊疗指导,提升特殊人群鼻窦炎并发症的管理水平,降低特殊人群鼻窦炎并发症的发生率与致死致残率。

Abstract:

Sinusitis is a common disease in otorhinolaryngology. In the general population, it often presents as a self-limiting condition or has a good prognosis after standard treatment. Although complications are uncommon, when they do occur, they may lead to severe sequelae or even life-threatening situations. For special populations—including children, the elderly, pregnant women, patients with diabetes mellitus, patients with malignant tumors, and immunocompromised individuals—the clinical presentation, disease course, and risk of complications differ significantly from those in the general population due to their unique physiological and pathological characteristics, metabolic status, or immune profiles. Therefore, the diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for these groups must go beyond routine approaches and require highly individualized plans. This article focuses on the aforementioned special populations and systematically reviews the pathophysiological features, diagnostic difficulties, and treatment strategies for complications of sinusitis in these groups. Special emphasis is placed on the latest advances in individualized treatment regimens and the effectiveness of preventive measures. By integrating multidisciplinary research findings, this article aims to provide clinicians with scientific and precise diagnostic and therapeutic guidance, thereby improving the management of sinusitis complications in special populations, and reducing their incidence, mortality, and disability rates.