舌根病变诊断和手术治疗的现状及进展

Current status and advances in the diagnosis and surgical treatment of tongue base lesions

摘要:

舌根是口咽部的关键解剖结构，舌根病变的处理因解剖复杂、功能重要而极具挑战性。本文通过梳理舌根病变的分类，探讨内镜检查、影像学技术及病理活检等核心诊断方法的现状、应用价值及技术创新，分析当前诊断中存在的难点。同时，重点围绕手术入路（经口、经颈、经下颌骨等）的优化选择，显微镜、内镜、激光、低温等离子射频和机器人技术的创新与应用，阐述手术治疗策略的演变。本文旨在综述舌根病变的诊断方法和手术治疗的研究现状与进展，以期为临床诊疗提供全面的理论依据与决策参考。

Abstract:

The base of the tongue is a key anatomical structure in the oropharynx. The management of lesions at the base of the tongue presents significant challenges due to the complex anatomy and critical functions of this region. This review aims to summarize the classification of lesions at the tongue base, and discuss the current status, clinical value, and technological innovations of core diagnostic methods such as endoscopy, imaging techniques, and pathological biopsy. Furthermore, this paper focuses on the optimization of surgical (transoral, transcervical, transmandibular, etc.) approaches. The evolution of surgical treatment strategies is illustrated by innovations and applications in microscopy, endoscopy, laser technology, low-temperature plasma radiofrequency knives and robotic technology.