组学技术在变应性鼻炎发病机制中的研究进展

Research progress of omics technologies in the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis

摘要:

变应性鼻炎(AR)是一种常见的过敏性疾病，其发病机制复杂，是多种遗传因素、蛋白质的调控及环境因素的共同作用。近年来，组学技术的广泛应用，如基因组学、转录组学、蛋白质组学和代谢组学等，极大地推动了我们对AR发病机制的理解。本综述总结了多个组学技术在AR研究中的最新进展，基因组学研究揭示了多个与AR相关的风险基因位点，转录组学分析强调了差异表达基因及其调控网络在AR中的作用，而蛋白质组学和代谢组学的研究为发现新型生物标志物的识别及潜在治疗靶点提供了重要支持。本文还提出了多组学整合分析在AR精准医学中的潜力，未来研究方向应集中在数据整合与应用转化方面，以进一步推动AR的诊断和治疗。

Abstract:

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a common allergic disease with a complex pathogenesis involving influences of various genetic and environmental factors, and protein regulation. In recent years, it has greatly advanced our understanding of the pathogenesis of AR by the widespread application of omics technologies, such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics. This review summarizes the research progress on the applications of omics technologies in the pathogenesis of AR. Genomic studies have revealed multiple risk gene loci associated with AR. Transcriptomic analysis has highlighted the role of differentially expressed genes and their regulatory networks in AR. Additionally, proteomics and metabolomics research of AR has provided significant support for the identification of novel biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets. The review also discusses the potential of multi-omics integrative analysis in the precision medicine of AR, which proposes that future research should focus on data integration and application transformation to further promote the diagnosis and treatment of AR.