双侧突发性聋的病因及发病机制

Etiology and pathogenesis of bilateral sudden sensorineural heaing loss

摘要:

突发性聋(SSHL)是耳鼻咽喉科的常见病，起病突然，病因不明，单侧多见，双侧SSHL(BSSHL)较为少见，根据双耳发病间隔是否大于3 d分为双侧同时SSHL(si-BSSHL)和双侧相继SSHL(se-BSSHL)。BSSHL常表现为重度或者极重度听力下降，临床症状重，致残率高，预后差，其病因及发病机制尚不明确，目前研究主要集中于内耳微循环、自身免疫、病毒感染等因素。本文综述现有研究成果，详细阐述BSSHL的可能病因及机制，以期为临床BSSHL的诊治以及预防提供依据。

Abstract:

Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSHL) is a common disease in otolaryngology. It has a sudden onset, an unknown cause, unilateral presentation being more common. Bilateral SSHL (BSSHL) is relatively rarer. BSSHL is further divided into simultaneous BSSHL (si-BSSHL) and sequential BSSHL (se-BSSHL) according to whether the interval between the onset of both ears is greater than 3 days. BSSHL often results in severe or profound hearing loss, with severe clinical symptoms and high disability rate, and poor prognosis. The etiology and pathogenesis of this disease remain unclear. Current research mainly focuses on factors such as inner ear microcirculation, autoimmune response, and viral infection. This review summarizes the existing research findings, which provides a detailed discussion of the possible causes and mechanisms of BSSHL. The aim of this paper is to provide a basis for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of BSSHL in clinical practice.