嗜酸性粒细胞胞外陷阱在2型慢性鼻窦炎中的作用机制及研究进展

Mechanisms and Research Progress of Eosinophil Extracellular Traps in Type 2 Chronic Rhinosinusitis

摘要:

2型慢性鼻窦炎（2型CRS）是一种临床高发的鼻腔和鼻窦慢性疾病，因嗜酸性粒细胞浸润、免疫通路异常活化呈难治性特征，术后复发率高，严重影响患者的生活质量。本文以2型CRS的病理机制与治疗困境为切入点，系统综述嗜酸性粒细胞胞外陷阱（EETs）在2型CRS病理机制中的研究进展。现有研究证实嗜酸性粒细胞胞外陷阱细胞死亡（EETosis）及EETs过度形成是2型CRS病情顽固的关键因素，靶向EETs形成与清除的治疗策略展现出良好应用前景，但目前该领域仍存在疾病异质性明显，病理机制仍未完全阐明，靶向疗法的临床适用性待验证等问题。未来在深入研究推动下进一步探究更具靶向性、安全性的EETs干预手段，有望为2型CRS的精准治疗提供新的思路与参考依据。

Abstract:

Type 2 chronic rhinosinusitis (Type 2 CRS) is a prevalent chronic disease affecting the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. Characterized by eosinophilic infiltration and aberrant activation of immune pathways, it presents intractable clinical features with a high postoperative recurrence rate, severely impairing patients'' quality of life. Starting from the pathological mechanisms and therapeutic dilemmas of Type 2 CRS, this article systematically reviews the research progress of eosinophil extracellular traps (EETs) in the pathogenesis of this disease. Existing studies have verified that eosinophil extracellular trap cell death (EETosis) and excessive EET formation serve as pivotal contributors to the intractability of Type 2 CRS. Therapeutic strategies targeting EET formation and clearance exhibit promising application prospects. Nevertheless, this research field still faces challenges including prominent disease heterogeneity, incompletely clarified pathological mechanisms, and unverified clinical applicability of targeted therapies. Further in-depth exploration of more targeted and safe EET intervention approaches is expected to provide novel insights and evidence for the precise treatment of Type 2 CRS.