DNA甲基化在气道过敏疾病治疗中的研究进展

Research Progress on DNA Methylation in the Treatment of Airway Allergic Diseases

摘要:

气道过敏性疾病（AAD）包括变应性鼻炎(AR)和支气管哮喘(Asthma)，是近年来在全球范围内发病率持续上升的慢性炎症性疾病。过去认为该病的发病机制主要是遗传易感性和环境暴露的共同作用，但仅仅依靠遗传学因素难以解释近年来发病率快速增长的现状，也无法反应其发病的异质性特点。表观遗传学机制特别是DNA甲基化是连接遗传背景与环境因素的纽带。通过对该病发病机制的梳理，文章系统地提出了DNA甲基化的基本生物学特征，并重点关注该基因在变应性鼻炎和哮喘发病过程、病情严重度评价以及治疗反应、预后判断等方面的研究现状；并探究AR与哮喘表观遗传异同的内在联系，对DNA甲基化作为潜在的生物标志物、治疗靶点的转化前景进行了展望。

Abstract:

Airway Allergic Diseases (AAD), encompassing Allergic Rhinitis (AR) and Asthma, are chronic inflammatory conditions with a globally increasing incidence. While traditional views attribute their pathogenesis to the interplay of genetic susceptibility and environmental exposures, genetic factors alone cannot adequately explain the recent rapid rise in prevalence or the heterogeneity of the diseases. Epigenetic mechanisms, particularly DNA methylation, serve as a crucial link between genetic background and environmental factors. This review synthesizes the current understanding of the disease pathogenesis, systematically outlines the fundamental biological characteristics of DNA methylation, and focuses on its research status regarding the disease onset, severity assessment, treatment response, and prognosis prediction in both AR and Asthma. Furthermore, it explores the intrinsic epigenetic similarities and differences between AR and Asthma, and discusses the translational prospects of DNA methylation as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target.