高频型突发性聋临床特征及疗效分析

Clinical Characteristics and Therapeutic Outcomes of High-Frequency Sudden Deafness: A Retrospective Analysis

摘要:

【】 目的 分析高频型突发性聋患者的临床特征及疗效预后,探讨其病因。方法 回顾性分析2023年1月至2025年12月住院治疗的150例高频型突聋的临床资料,了解其临床特征并探讨不同因素对治疗效果的影响,应用SPSS26.0 软件进行统计处理。结果 伴头晕/眩晕组患者的合并糖尿病、高血压、冠心病及脑梗死等的比例高于不伴头晕/眩晕组患者,听力损失程度高于不伴头晕/眩晕组患者,发病至就诊时间伴头晕/眩晕患者就诊时间明显短于不伴头晕/眩晕组(均p<0.05)；伴头晕/眩晕组有效率与不伴头晕/眩晕组比较总有效率有统计学意义(p>0.05),而痊愈率无统计学意义(p<0.05)(表3)；根据前庭功能检查是否正常进行分组,将不伴头晕/眩晕的突聋有效率进行比较(表4),温度试验、v-HIT(上半规管)、v-HIT(水平半规管)、v-HIT(后半规管)组间差异具有统计学意义(p<0.05)；c-VEMP、o-VEMP、位置试验正常组与异常组有效率差异无统计学意义(p＞0.05)。

Abstract:

Objective To analyze the clinical features, therapeutic efficacy, and prognosis of patients with high-frequency sudden sensorineural hearing loss (HF-SSNHL), and to explore its underlying etiology.Methods? A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 150 inpatients diagnosed with HF-SSNHL who received treatment between January 2023 and December 2025. Clinical characteristics were summarized, and the influence of different factors on treatment outcomes was investigated. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS 26.0 software.Results The proportion of patients with diabetes, hypertension, coronary heart disease and cerebral infarction in the group with dizziness/vertigo was higher than that in the group without dizziness/vertigo, and the degree of hearing loss was also higher. The time from onset to visit was significantly shorter in the group with dizziness/vertigo than in the group without dizziness/vertigo (all p<0.05). The total effective rate of the group with dizziness/vertigo was statistically significant compared with the group without dizziness/vertigo (p>0.05), but the cure rate was not statistically significant (p<0.05) (Table 3). According to whether the vestibular function test was normal, the effective rate of sudden deafness without dizziness/vertigo was compared (Table 4). There were statistically significant differences among the groups of temperature test, v-HIT (superior semicircular canal), v-HIT (horizontal semicircular canal), and v-HIT (posterior semicircular canal) (p<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the effective rate between the normal and abnormal groups of c-VEMP, o-VEMP, and positional test (p>0.05).Conclusion Patients with HF-SSNHL accompanied by dizziness/vertigo often have comorbid systemic vascular diseases (e.g., diabetes mellitus, hypertension) and more severe hearing loss. Dizziness/vertigo serves as an important clinical indicator of more extensive inner ear damage and potentially poorer prognosis. These patients tend to seek medical care more promptly, warranting more aggressive clinical treatment strategies. High-frequency hearing loss is closely associated with vestibular dysfunction, particularly affecting the cochlear basal turn, posterior semicircular canal, and saccule—structures sharing a common blood supply.