吞咽障碍患者相关评估量表的研究进展及应用

Advances and application research of assessment scales for patients with dysphagia

摘要:

吞咽障碍作为多病因引发的常见症状，其患病率随老龄化加剧显著增加，这一症状不仅会影响患者的进食功能和生活质量，还可能引发误吸、肺炎、营养不良等严重并发症，对患者的生命健康构成极大威胁。科学评估是早期干预及降低误吸、营养不良等并发症发生率的关键。评估量表作为康复医学与临床诊疗的核心工具，近年来在信效度验证、跨疾病适用性扩展及技术整合等方面成效显著。本文系统梳理4类评估量表，即筛查性量表、诊断性评估量表、综合性评估量表、疾病特异性量表，对其主要内容、信效度、优缺点等进行综述，为相关研究和临床筛查工具的选择提供参考。

Abstract:

Dysphagia is a common symptom arising from multiple etiologies, which exhibits significantly an increase in prevalence alongside the aging population. This symptom not only affects patients' eating function and quality of life, but also may lead to serious complications such as aspiration, pneumonia, and malnutrition. It poses a severe threat to the patients' life and health. Scientific assessment is crucial for early intervention and reducing complications such as aspiration and malnutrition. As a core tool in rehabilitation medicine and clinical practice, assessment scales have demonstrated remarkable efficacy in recent years regarding validity and reliability validation, expansion of cross-disease applicability, and technical integration. This paper systematically reviews four categories of assessment scales: screening scales, diagnostic assessment scales, comprehensive assessment scales, and disease-specific scales. This review summarizes the main content, validity, reliability, advantages, and disadvantages of the tool. This aims to provide a reference for relevant research and the selection of clinical screening tools.