新形势下耳外科手术技术的发展与展望

Development and prospects of ear surgery techniques in the new era

摘要:

随着光学设备、手术机器人及人工智能技术的飞速发展，耳外科手术技术迎来从诊疗理念到操作器械全方位的变革。以耳内镜手术(EES)为代表的微创技术日益普及，推动着诊疗一体化模式的建立；手术可视化系统从传统显微镜向外视镜的演进，重塑着外科医师“手-眼-脑”的协同操作模式。与之相应，耳科医师的培养体系与成长路径也迎来全新机遇与挑战。本文旨在综述新形势下耳外科手术技术的发展脉络，重点探讨耳内镜微创手术的进展、手术可视化模式的转变及医师培养体系的适配，并对领域未来发展趋势进行展望。

Abstract:

With the rapid advancement of optical devices, surgical robots, and artificial intelligence technologies, ear surgery techniques are undergoing profound transformations, from clinical concepts to surgical instruments. Minimally invasive techniques, represented by endoscopic ear surgery (EES), are becoming increasingly prevalent, promoting the establishment of integrated diagnosis and treatment models. The evolution of surgical visualization systems from traditional microscopes to external exoscopes is reshaping surgeons’ “hand-eye-brain” coordination patterns. Correspondingly, the training systems and career development paths for otologists are encountering new challenges and opportunities. This article aims to review the developmental trajectory of ear surgery techniques under these new circumstances, focusing on advances in endoscopic minimally invasive surgery, transformations in surgical visualization paradigms, and adaptations in physician training systems, while also offering insights into future trends in the field.