睡眠呼吸障碍儿童扁桃体和腺样体组织中微生物多样性的研究

Study on microbial diversity in tonsil and adenoid tissues of children with sleep-disordered breathing

摘要:

目的 研究睡眠呼吸障碍儿童扁桃体和腺样体组织中的微生物多样性的特点。方法 本实验收集了2024年8月至2025年9月间6例经多导睡眠检测诊断为睡眠呼吸障碍的儿童患者，在荆州市中心医院耳鼻咽喉科住院同时行扁桃体和腺样体切除术。手术留取同一患儿扁桃体及腺样体组织，行宏基因组测序，分析和比较6例患儿扁桃体及腺样体组织中微生物的香农指数曲线、相对丰度及其分布情况。结果 分析Goods_Coverage数值说明样本测序深度合理。分析Shannon与Simpson指数证实了12例样本的高样本物种多样性。Alpha多样性评估显示腺样体样本物种丰富度（ACE/Chao1）显著高于扁桃体样本。对6例患儿扁桃体及腺样体组织中微生物进行分析比较。腺样体组的局部微生态结构高度稳定、组内同质性极强；扁桃体组内个体异质性突出，群落复杂度与物种多样性更高，存在病毒、真菌等跨界微生物定植。两组核心优势菌门均为变形菌门与厚壁菌门，但丰度结构存在显著差异。结论 本研究通过宏基因组测序显示，同一患者扁桃体与腺样体的优势菌种高度相似，腺样体组织微生态具有极强的稳定性与组内同质性，相应的扁桃体组织存在微生态紊乱与个体异质性。反复慢性炎症打破扁桃体局部微生态平衡。

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the characteristics of microbial diversity in the tonsil and adenoid tissues of children with sleep-disordered breathing. Methods ?? This study enrolled three pediatric patients diagnosed with SDB via polysomnography (PSG) between August 2024 and September 2024. All patients underwent tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy at the Department of Otolaryngology, Jingzhou Central Hospital. Tonsil and adenoid tissues from the same patient were collected during surgery and subjected to metagenomic sequencing. The Shannon diversity index curve, relative abundance, and microbial distribution in the tonsil and adenoid tissues were analyzed and compared across the three patients. Results Comparative analysis of microbial communities in the tonsil and adenoid tissues revealed substantial microbial diversity. At the domain level, bacteria dominated overwhelmingly. In tonsil samples, microbial populations were predominantly ? enriched withFirmicutes (e.g.,Enterococcus)andActinobacteria(e.g.,Mycobacterium tuberculosis), while adenoid samples were dominated by Proteobacteria (e.g.,Pseudomonas syringae) andChlamydiae(e.g.,Chlamydia trachomatis). Alpha diversity analysis demonstrated high species diversity across all samples. Adenoid tissues exhibited significantly higher species richness (ACE/Chao1 indices) compared to tonsil tissues. The Shannon and Simpson indices further confirmed the high microbial diversity in all six samples. Goods_Coverage values indicated adequate sequencing depth. Conclusion The microbial diversity of tonsil and adenoid tissues plays a critical role in maintaining oropharyngeal health, particularly in chronic tonsillitis and adenoid hypertrophy, where microbial composition may influence disease manifestation and therapeutic outcomes. Metagenomic sequencing revealed highly similar dominant bacterial species between tonsil and adenoid tissues, with non-pathogenic species predominating. Chronic inflammation and related factors may alter dominant microbial profiles. Notably, the dominant bacterial communities in tonsils and adenoids exhibited strong similarity.