唇裂鼻畸形的临床治疗进展

Advances in the treatment of cleft lip nasal deformity

摘要:

唇裂鼻畸形是一种常见且复杂的先天性面部畸形，畸形累及鼻翼、鼻小柱、鼻基底等多个解剖部位。鼻畸形不仅造成明显的面部容貌缺陷，还常伴鼻通气不良、口鼻瘘等多重功能障碍，严重影响患者的身心健康。复杂的畸形给修复重建带来了巨大挑战，然而，随着鼻部精细解剖的深入研究、影像学评估技术的进步以及整形外科修复理念与手术方法的革新，唇裂鼻畸形的综合诊疗水平取得了显著进展。本文系统综述了唇裂鼻畸形的解剖学特征、婴儿期术前非手术矫治的临床价值，并重点阐述了一期鼻唇同步修复与二期鼻综合矫治手术的技术进展与策略选择。旨在为临床提供科学、规范、个性化的序列治疗参考，推动唇裂鼻畸形诊疗技术的发展。

Abstract:

Cleft lip nasal deformity is a common and complex congenital facial anomaly that involves multiple anatomical structures, including the nasal ala, columella, and nasal base. This deformity not only causes obvious facial disfigurement but also usually accompanies multiple functional impairments, such as poor nasal ventilation and oronasal fistula, seriously affecting the physical and mental health of patients. The complexity of the deformity poses considerable challenges for repair and reconstruction. With the in-depth study of nasal fine anatomy, the progress in imaging assessment techniques, and innovations of plastic surgery repair concepts and surgical methods, the comprehensive diagnosis and treatment of cleft lip nasal deformity have achieved significant progress. This article systematically reviews the anatomical characteristics of cleft lip nasal deformity, the clinical value of preoperative non-surgical interventions in infancy, and focuses on the technical advancements and strategy selection of one-stage nasal-lip synchronous repair and two-stage comprehensive rhinoplasty. The aim is to provide scientific, standardized, and personalized sequential treatment references for clinical practice, and to promote the development of diagnosis and treatment techniques for cleft lip nasal deformity.