双侧突发性聋的病因及发病机制

Etiology and Pathogenesis of Sudden Bilateral Sensorineural Heaing Loss

摘要:

突发性聋（sudden sensorineural hearing loss,SSHL）是耳鼻喉科的常见病，起病突然，病因不明，单侧多见，双侧突发性聋（bilateral SSHL,BSSHL）较为少见，根据双耳发病间隔是否大于3天分为双侧同时突聋（simultaneous bilateral sudden sensorineural hearing loss, si-BSSHL）和双耳相继突聋 (sequential bilateral sudden sensorineural hearing loss, se-BSSHL)。BSSHL常表现为重度或者极重度听力下降，临床症状重，致残率高，预后差，其病因及发病机制尚不明确，目前研究主要集中于内耳微循环、自身免疫、病毒感染等因素。本文综述现有研究成果，详细阐述BSSHL的可能病因及机制，以期为临床BSSHL的诊治以及预防提供依据。

Abstract:

Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSHL) is a common disease in otolaryngology, with sudden onset, unknown cause, unilateral presentation being more common, and bilateral sudden sensorineural hearing loss (BSSHL) is rarer. BSSHL is further divided into simultaneous bilateral sudden sensorineural hearing loss(si-BSSHL) and sequential bilateral sudden sensorineural hearing loss(se-BSSHL) based on the interval between the onset of symptoms in both ears. BSSHL often results in severe or profound hearing loss, with severe clinical symptoms and high disability rate, poor prognosis, and unclear cause and pathogenesis. Current research mainly focuses on factors such as inner ear microcirculation, autoimmune response, and viral infection. This review summarizes the existing research findings and provides a detailed discussion of the possible causes and mechanisms of BSSHL, with the aim of providing evidence for the diagnosis and treatment of BSSHL and prevention.