头颈鳞状细胞癌远处转移相关标志物的研究进展

Research progress of markers related to distant metastasis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

摘要:

头颈部鳞状细胞癌的远处转移是临床治疗中的一大挑战。一旦发生远处转移，患者的五年生存率与健康预期寿命将受到严重影响。远处转移是一种受多种因素影响的复杂病理过程。这也导致，尽管头颈鳞癌的多学科综合治疗模式取得进展，但其全球发病率仍呈上升趋势，我国确诊病例及死亡人数也在增加。因此，预测患者的转移风险并实施积极的预防措施，对于有效治疗该病并提升患者生存可能至关重要。头颈部鳞状细胞癌的远处转移涉及众多临床、病理学指标以及分子水平的异常，至今尚缺乏系统的总结。因此，本文旨在综述与头颈鳞状细胞癌远处转移相关的临床病理因素及分子标志物，以期为风险评估和个体化治疗策略提供科学依据。

Abstract:

Abstract: Distant metastasis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is a major challenge in clinical treatment. Once distant metastasis occurs, the five-year survival rate and healthy life expectancy of patients will be seriously affected. Distant metastasis is a complex pathologic process influenced by multiple factors. This has led to the fact that, despite the advances in multidisciplinary and comprehensive treatment modalities for head and neck squamous carcinoma, its global incidence is still on the rise, and the number of diagnosed cases and deaths in China is also increasing. Therefore, predicting patients' risk of metastasis and implementing aggressive preventive measures are crucial for effectively treating the disease and enhancing the likelihood of patient survival. Distant metastasis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma involves numerous clinical and pathological indicators as well as abnormalities at the molecular level, and a systematic summary is still lacking. Therefore, the aim of this article is to review the clinicopathological factors and molecular markers associated with distant metastasis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, with a view to providing a scientific basis for risk assessment and individualized treatment strategies.