新型冠状病毒感染后嗅觉功能障碍患者焦虑抑郁状况及其影响因素分析

Analysis of anxiety and depression status and its influencing factors in patients with olfactory dysfunction after SARS-CoV-2 infection

摘要:

目的 分析奥密克戎变异株感染后嗅觉功能障碍患者的焦虑、抑郁现状及其相关因素，为制定有效的心理干预措施提供理论依据。方法 于2022年12月—2023年1月重庆新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)奥密克戎变异株流行期间，通过问卷收集信息，采用广泛性焦虑障碍量表(GAD-7)和患者健康问卷(PHQ-9)评定焦虑、抑郁情绪，采用视觉模拟量表(VAS)评定嗅觉功能。采用χ²检验、多因素Logistic回归分析影响患者焦虑、抑郁情绪的相关因素。结果 共纳入患者367例，其中感染后嗅觉功能障碍患者182例，无嗅觉功能障碍患者185例。嗅觉功能障碍患者焦虑、抑郁情绪的检出率分别为46.7%、63.2%，均高于无嗅觉功能障碍的患者。多因素Logistic回归分析显示，嗅觉下降持续时间长(OR=1.660)、嗅觉功能VAS评分高(OR=8.993)是产生焦虑情绪的危险因素。女性(OR=2.964)、嗅觉功能VAS评分高(OR=4.423)是产生抑郁情绪的危险因素。结论 SARS-CoV-2感染后患者均出现一定程度的焦虑、抑郁情绪，伴有嗅觉功能障碍患者的焦虑、抑郁情绪的检出率更高，应加强对此类患者的心理疏导和人文关怀，以改善和促进其心理健康。

关键词:嗅觉功能障碍;新型冠状病毒;焦虑;抑郁

Abstract:

Objective To analyze the status of anxiety and depression and its influencing factors in patients with olfactory dysfunction after omicron variant infection to lay a theoretical foundation for formulating effective psychological intervention measures.Methods A online questionnaire-based survey was conducted from December 2022 to January 2023 during the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) epidemic in Chongqing. The psychological assessment included generalized anxiety disorder scale (GAD-7) for anxiety symptoms, the patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9) for depressive symptoms, and visual analogue scale (VAS) for olfactory function. Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze the status of anxiety and depression and its influencing factors. Results A total of 367 patients were collected, including 182 patients with olfactory dysfunction and 185 patients without olfactory dysfunction. The detection rates of anxiety and depression in patients with olfactory dysfunction were 46.7% and 63.2% respectively, both higher than those without olfactory dysfunction. Multivariate logistic regression showed that the patients with long duration of olfactory decline(OR=1.660) and high VAS scores of olfactory function (OR=8.993) had a higher risk of anxiety. Female (OR=2.964) and high VAS scores of olfactory function (OR=4.423) were risk factors for depression.Conclusions There is a certain degree of depression and anxiety among patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patients with olfactory dysfunction have a higher detection rate of anxiety and depression. Psychological counseling and humanistic care should be strengthened to improve and promote their psychological health.

Key words:Olfactory dysfunction;SARS-CoV-2;Anxiety;Depression