儿童鼻窦炎影像学研究进展

Research progress of imaging of sinusitis in children

摘要:

儿童鼻窦炎是常见的耳鼻咽喉科炎性疾病，发病率逐年上升。儿童鼻窦炎具有独特性，儿童鼻窦在出生后继续发育，并在不同年龄和阶段完成成熟和气化，这使得儿童鼻窦炎的感染与患者的年龄有关。儿童慢性鼻窦炎是比较常见的疾病，有时症状不明显，故诊断需要借助影像学检查。儿童发生鼻窦炎如果得不到及时的诊治，可能会引起眼眶及颅内严重的并发症，给患者带来不可逆转的失明、复视等严重后果。如果疾病得到及早发现和诊治，一般预后良好。儿童鼻窦炎并发症的诊断，除了临床症状及实验检查外，常结合影像学的检查加以明确，主要是CT和MRI检查；CT能提供较高的骨骼分辨率，是确诊眼眶并发症时的首选技术；MRI具有更好的软组织分辨率，对于精细部位成像效果好。影像学检查对于诊断儿童鼻窦炎，特别是并发症具有重要的临床意义。因此，本文重点对常见类型儿童鼻窦炎及其并发症的CT和MRI等影像学方面的研究展开综述。

关键词:鼻窦炎;鼻窦炎并发症;儿童;CT;MRI

Abstract:

Sinusitis in children is a common inflammatory disease of otorhinolaryngology, and its incidence is increasing every year. Sinusitis in children is unique. Children’s sinuses continue to develop after birth and complete maturation and gasification at different ages and stages, which makes the infection of sinusitis in children related to the age of the patients. Chronic sinusitis in children is a relatively common disease.In some cases, the symptoms are not obvious, so the diagnosis needs the help of imaging examination. If the sinusitis in children is not diagnosed and treated in time, it may cause serious orbital and intracranial complications.Patients will have irreversible blindness, double vision and other serious consequences. If detected and treated early, the prognosis of patients with the disease is generally good.In addition to clinical symptoms and experimental examination, the diagnosis of complications of sinusitis in children is often clarified by combining imaging examination, mainly including CT and MRI. CT can provide higher bone resolution, which is the first choice for diagnose orbital complications; MRI has better soft tissue resolution, which has good imaging effect for small parts. Strengthening imaging examination is of great clinical significance for the diagnosis and treatment of sinusitis in children, especially for the complications. Therefore, this review focuses on the CT and MRI studies of common types of sinusitis and its complications in children.

Key words:Sinusitis;Sinusitis complications;Children;CT;MRI