Abstract:Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is a common and frequent disease. Bacterial infection is one of the most important causes of CSOM, which is caused by the interaction of environmental, bacterial, host and genetic risk factors. Due to regional, ethnic, dietary and other differences, it is also different for the incidence of CSOM and bacterial species in different parts of the world. Previously, some of the dominant groups of CSOM were obtained based on culture techniques, but the full picture of the CSOM bacterial community could not be obtained, which limited the etiology research of CSOM. With the improvement of various detection technologies, especially the development of molecular technologies such as 16S rRNA sequencing and metagenomic sequencing, the research on the etiology of CSOM has been gradually improved. It not only provides the basis for the selection of antibiotics, but also can further study the pathogenic mechanism of bacteria in CSOM.