中青年突发性耳聋的临床特征及预后分析

Clinical characteristics and prognostic analysis of middle-young-aged patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss

摘要:

目的 探究中青年突发性耳聋的临床特征并分析其预后情况。方法 选取2020年6月—2022年5月就诊于广州医科大学附属第四医院耳鼻咽喉科的147例突发性耳聋患者，根据患者年龄划分，将18~55岁患者作为实验组(n=74)，将56~80岁患者作为对照组(n=73),回顾性分析两组突发性耳聋患者的临床资料,比较两组临床特征及预后。结果 两组患者一般情况经比较无统计学意义(P＞0.05)；耳鸣、耳闷、眩晕等临床症状比较，两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)；听力损失分级、分型及临床疗效比较，实验组听力损失较轻，低频下降型相对较多见，临床治疗总有效率高，差异均具有统计学意义(P均<0.05)；高血压、糖尿病、脑血管疾病等患者突发性耳聋患病率，实验组均低于对照组(P均<0.05)。结论 中青年突发性耳聋患者具有基础疾病少、听力损伤较轻、低频下降型相对多见等临床特征，通过临床积极救治，往往疗效显著，预后良好。

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of sudden sensorineural hearing loss in middle-young-aged people.Methods A total of 147 patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss admitted to in the department of Otolaryngology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, from June 2020 to May 2022 were selected. According to the age of the patients, they were divided into experimental group (n=74) aged 18-55 years old and control group (n=73) aged 56-80 years old. The clinical data of the two groups of sudden sensorineural hearing loss patients were retrospectively analyzed, and the clinical characteristics and prognosis of the two groups were compared.Results There was no significant difference in the general condition between the two groups(P>0.05).There was no significant difference in clinical symptoms such as tinnitus, ear tightness and vertigo between the two groups(P>0.05). The grade, type and clinical efficacy of hearing loss were compared. The hearing loss in the experimental group was mild. The low frequency drop type was relatively more common, the total effective rate of clinical treatment was higher, and the differences were statistically significant (P all<0.05). Incidence rate of sudden deafness in patients with hypertension, diabetes, cerebrovascular diseases, etc, the prevalence of the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P all<0.05).Conclusions Middle-young-aged patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss have the clinical characteristics of less basic diseases, less hearing damage, and relatively common low-frequency decline type. Through clinical active treatment, the curative effect is often significant and the prognosis is good.