鼻咽癌放疗后常见并发症的发病机制与康复评定及治疗进展

Pathogenesis and progress of rehabilitation treatment of common complications after radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma

摘要:

鼻咽癌大部分发生在我国华南地区，其中广东和广西地区最常见。放射治疗是鼻咽癌的首选治疗方法。鼻咽癌放疗后晚期常出现多种并发症，如吞咽障碍、张口困难、构音障碍、颈部活动障碍、心理障碍等，严重影响患者的生活质量。康复是治疗鼻咽癌放疗后并发症的有效手段，可以控制并发症的发展或加重并预防新的并发症的出现。鼻咽癌放疗后不同的并发症，其发病机制不同，需要进行康复评定，有针对性地选择不一样的康复治疗方法。本文就鼻咽癌放疗后常见并发症的发病机制、康复评定和治疗进展进行综述，以期为鼻咽癌放疗后并发症康复治疗的开展提供理论依据。

关键词:鼻咽癌;放射治疗;并发症;发病机制;康复评定;康复治疗

Abstract:

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC) mostly occurs in the southern region of China, among which Guangdong and Guangxi provinces are the most common areas. Radiotherapy is the first choice for NPC. After radiotherapy for advanced NPC, various complications often occur, such as swallowing difficulties, limited mouth opening, speech impairment, restricted neck movement, psychological disorders, etc, which will severely affect the life quality of the patients. Rehabilitation is an effective means to treat the complications of NPC after radiotherapy. It can control the development or delay the aggravation of complications and prevent the emergence of new complications. The pathogenesis of different complications after radiotherapy for NPC is different. It is necessary to carry out rehabilitation assessment and select different rehabilitation treatment. This paper reviews the pathogenesis, rehabilitation evaluation and treatment progress of common complications after NPC radiotherapy. It is expected to provide a theoretical basis for rehabilitation treatment of NPC complications after radiotherapy.

Key words:Nasopharyngeal carcinoma;Radiotherapy;Complications;Pathogenesis;Rehabilitation assessment;Rehabilitation treatment