太原市1382例变应性鼻炎患者变应原谱分析

Allergenic spectrum analysis of 1 382 patients with allergic rhinitis in Taiyuan

摘要:

目的 研究太原地区变应性鼻炎(AR)患者变应原的分布特征，为该地区AR的合理防治提供参考依据。方法 回顾性分析我院2020年1月—2021年12月就诊的1 382例疑似AR且行血清特异性IgE(sIgE)检测患者的临床资料，使用SPSS 26.0软件对数据进行分析与总结。结果 943例(68.23%)患者sIgE呈阳性反应，其中艾蒿(48.26%)、豚草(21.56%)、室内尘螨组合(19.10%)为主要变应原；吸入性变应原阳性率(34.88%)显著高于食入性变应原(3.40%)；随着患者年龄增加，变应原呈降低趋势，不同年龄间变应原阳性率差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)；不同病程间变应原阳性率差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)，其中2~3年最高(80.00%)；不同月份间变应原阳性率差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)，其中8月最高(79.89%)；不同季节间艾蒿、豚草变应原阳性率差异具有统计学意义(P均<0.05)，以夏秋季高发；患者变应原阳性个数组合从1种到12种均有分布，其中2种组合最高(15.63%)。结论 太原地区的主要变应原是艾蒿、豚草、室内尘螨组合。绝大数患者为多重致敏，年龄、病程、季节也是影响变应原阳性率的因素。

关键词:鼻炎，变应性;变应原;血清特异性 IgE;变应原谱;太原地区

Abstract:

Objective To study the distribution characteristics of allergens in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) in Taiyuan, so as to provide reference basis for the rational prevention and treatment of AR in this area. Methods Clinical data of 1 382 patients with suspected AR and undergoing serum specific IgE (sIgE) test from January 2020 to December 2021 were analyzed retrospectively. SPSS 26.0 software was used to analyze and summarize the data. Results Serum sIgE was positive in 943 patients (68.23%), and artemisia argyi (48.26%), ragweed (21.56%) and indoor dust mite combination (19.10%) were the main allergens. The positive rate of inhaled allergens (34.88%) was significantly higher than that of ingested ones (3.40%). With the increase of patients’ age, the positive rate of allergens decreased,There were significant differences in the positive rate of allergens among different age groups(P<0.05). There were significant differences in the positive rate of allergens among different disease courses (P<0.05), and the highest rate was in 2-3 years (80.00%). There were significant differences in allergen positive rate among different months (P<0.05), and the highest rate was in August (79.89%). There were significant differences in allergen positive rates of artemisia argiy and ragweed in different seasons (P all<0.05), and the positive rates were high in summer and autumn. The numbers of positive allergen combination ranged from 1 to 12, and the combination of two allergens was the highest (15.63%). Conclusions Artemisia argiy, ragweed and indoor dust mite are the main allergens in AR patients in Taiyuan. The vast majority of patients have multiple sensitization. Patients’ age, course of disease and season are also the factors affecting the positive rate of allergens.

Key words:Rhinitis, allergic;Allergen;Serum specific IgE;Allergenic spectrum;Taiyuan area