微小RNA在甲状腺乳头状癌中的作用及其研究现状

Role and research progress of microRNA in papillary thyroid carcinoma

摘要:

目的微小RNA (micro RNA, miRNA)是一类长度范围为18~22个核苷酸的单链内源性非编码RNA分子。MiRNA在调节基因表达中发挥着重要作用，通过诱导翻译抑制或靶向mRNA的互补结合以达到沉默的效果。他们可能作为抑癌基因或致癌基因参与癌症的生物学调控。其中一些miRNA也参与了甲状腺乳头状癌（PTC） 患者的基因调控。MiRNA可能对PTC的诊断、预后判断和预测PTC的复发有重要意义。本文就miRNA的生物起源、生物功能以及他们在PTC中的表达模式、作用靶点、分子调控机制和临床价值作一综述。

关键词:微小RNA|甲状腺乳头状癌|非编码RNA|3’非翻译区

Abstract:

ObjectiveMicro RNA（miRNA）is a kind of endogenous noncoding singlestranded RNA with about 22 nucleotides length. The miRNA plays a critical role in regulating gene expression by inducing translation suppression or targeting complementary binding of mRNA to achieve silencing effects. The genes may be involved in the biological regulation of cancer as a tumor suppressor gene or oncogene.Some of these miRNA are also related to the regulation of gene expressions in patients with thyroid papillary carcinoma (PTC). MiRNA may play an important role in the diagnosis and prognosis of PTC, and also the prediction of PTC recurrence. This paper reviewed the origin and the biological function of miRNAs and its expression pattern, targeting genes, mechanism of molecular regulatiion and clinical value in PTC.

Key words:Micro RNA（miRNA）|Papillary thyroid carcinoma(PTC)| noncoding RNAs(ncRNAs)| 3’Untranslated Region（3’UTR）