新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情下非疫情中心区域耳鼻咽喉头颈外科急诊防护的思考与建议

Strategies for protection of medical staff and patients from SARS-CoV-2 infection in otolaryngology emergency in nonepidemic centers of the novel coronavirus pneumonia

摘要:

2019新型冠状病毒（SARSCoV2）引起的肺炎具有较高的传染性，人群普遍易感，能通过飞沫及接触传播；气溶胶和粪-口等传播途径尚待明确。耳鼻咽喉头颈外科的急诊诊疗存在医患室内近距离接触，检查过程中患者喷嚏、咳嗽和恶心等反应均极易产生携带病毒的飞沫及气溶胶，且医患直接接触机会多，导致医患暴露风险明显增加。非疫情中心区域，大部分耳鼻咽喉头颈外科急诊患者多为无疫区接触及暴露的人群，如何在保障医疗安全和效果的同时，防范于未然、做好防护、避免医患院内感染显得尤为重要。

关键词:耳鼻咽喉头颈外科|新型冠状病毒感染相关肺炎|新型冠状病毒|急诊|防护策略

Abstract:

Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Critical Diseases, Hunan Province Clinical Research Center of Laryngopharyngeal and Voice Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China）Abstract:ObjectiveThe novel coronavirus pneumonia is a highly infectious disease caused by SARSCoV2, which is mainly transmitted through droplets and contact with undetermined risk of aerosol and gastrointestinal transmission. Most people are susceptible to this epidemic disease. During an emergency otolaryngologyhead and neck surgery visit, doctors and patients will be in close contact indoors, sneezing, cough and nausea during examinations can easily produce fine droplets and aerosol. Both situations may result in significantly increased risk of exposure. Although most patients do not have epidemiologic linkage to other novel coronavirus pneumonia cases or areas with transmission of COVID19, adequate protection is important to avoid nosocomial infection among medical and nonmedical staff.

Key words:Otolaryngology head and neck surgery| Novel coronavirus pneumonia|SARSCoV2| Emergency treatment; Protective strategy ［