人工耳蜗及相关技术的进展

Development of cochlear implantation and its related technique

摘要:

人工耳蜗植入(cochlear implantation， CI)是重度-极重度感音神经性聋患者的听觉和言语康复的主要方法, 随着人们对听觉系统和中枢可塑性的深入研究，手术技术及辅助工具的开发，以及人工耳蜗植入相关电子科技和材料科学的发展，人工耳蜗及相关技术有了很大的进步。本文分析人工耳蜗植入体，尤其是电极设计和言语处理器的升级、人工耳蜗植入适应证的拓宽、术前评估手段的完善及精准微创人工耳蜗植入和残余听力保留的开展，并对人工耳蜗植入相关技术进行展望。

Abstract:

Cochlear implantation (CI) is the main therapy for hearing and language rehabilitation for patients with severeprofound sensorineural hearing loss. There has been significant improvement of CI and its related technique, with further study into hearing system and central plasticity, innovation of surgical skills and auxiliary tools, and development of CI related electronic and material science. This article will analyze and discuss the update of CI implant (especially electrode design) and speech processor, expansion of CI indications, improvement of preoperative evaluation, development of minimally invasive cochlear implantation (MICI) and preservation of residual hearing, new techniques of hearing rehabilitation such as combination of hair cell regeneration, deafness genetic diagnosis and CI. A future perspective of CI will also be given.